Geographical Segmentation Essay

In ancient Greek mythology , is said to live an athlete named Milon . Strength , determination in every fight is very inspiring . The name was later adapted into MILO , the energy to win every day . MILO is an energizing chocolate drink with a unique and delicious flavor that is preferred . Made from natural ingredients nutritious , rich in vitamins and minerals . In 1934, MILO launched first in Australia and then spread to different parts of the world . In Indonesia , MILO introduced in Indonesia 1974.Mewujudkan a healthier society is the mission of PT . Nestlà © Indonesia. When in 2001 the government heavily campaigned INDONESIA CHAMPION , MILO was invited Indonesian children love and achievement in the field of sports . 2002 for the first time held MILO School Competition , young talent in the sport of badminton . Until now, the competition is held annually for children of primary and junior high school in Indonesia. Geographical Segmentation : †¢ Region : Generally people prefer to drink Milo throughout the year . But Nestle can segment the market on the basis of the season . Consumption of cold Milo down during the rainy season because people prefer to have a hot Milo . In hot regions consumption patterns have not changed much . †¢ City : Milo consumption more in the cities than in the villages due to various factors such as income and education levels . Nestleshould more focused on making available in the Milo wherepeople every willing and able to buy . Demographic Segmentation : †¢ Age : Nestle can easily target different age groups . The most important of these groups are children and the elderly . For the kids can introduceMilo with additional nutrients such as vitamins and minerals . For older people it already has clinical nutrition . It just needs to get the product known among these people . †¢ Gender : It will be very beneficial for women because they usually target shopfor their families . If they believe that Milo would be good for their families , they will buy . †¢ Income and employment : People will buy Milo when they have sufficient monetary resources . Nestle should target those at higher income groups.People with blue-collar jobs can be targeted by saying that Milo will help them in their daily routines . Life cycle stages can also be important for families with young kidswill want to buy Milo . Psychographic segmentation : †¢ Social class and lifestyle : People belonging to the higher social classes tend to spend more on luxury than those in the lower classes . Such people can be easily targeted because they are very health conscious . Nestle can encourage people to buy Milo who lack rich foods . †¢ Personality : And outdoorsy people who are involved in sport can also be targeted by tagging the brand with a sports celebrity . Behavioral : MILO is a brand which is famous for delicious and nutritious beverage products enjoyed by families from generation to generation , with a definite chocolate flavor . Favors drunk warm or cold with milk chocolate contains healthy for the body . And that definitely favored so many people in many countries including Indonesia .

Policing Paper Essay

There are many different forms of technology used in policing in today society. This technology is very important when it comes to policing and being able to do their jobs proficiently. Some of the technology they use is database and information technology, computer-aid dispatch, records management systems, and mobile computing. All of these forms of technology play a vital role in policing. Without these forms of technology being available to police there could be a higher crime rate, a higher wait time between calls, more deaths or injuries, and so much more. The technology that is available is set in place to keep things running smoothly and ensure that calls get answered in a timely manner. With the technology that we are gaining in the policing field I believe that we have advanced so much and will continue to do so. Database technology is a database that has a large amount of information in it. This information includes names, dates, crimes that people have committed, violations, high crime rate areas, and so much more. This information is gathered from many different areas and stored in a database. They have all of this information in one place to make it easier to research people or areas of interest. This information is gathered from the department’s criminal history records system, the gang unit’s intelligence system, and the state’s department of motor vehicles. The computer-aid dispatch is a method that manages calls for service from the public. The computer-aid dispatch uses the computer to communicate with officers. They are able to receive information on a call and have it on the computer in front of them so they do not get confused or forget any information. The computer-aid dispatch sends the officer the information and location that is in need of services. It also prioritizes the needs of services so that the officer gets to the most important cases first. Another great thing about the computer-aid dispatch is that the officer needs to update their status on the computer after they are done at a call. If their status is not updated after a certain amount of time then the computer-aid dispatch automatically sends another officer out to check on the safety of the initial officer. This computer-aid dispatch is a great tool for policing agents to use. The records management system is used to input and organize information from different types of reports into one easy-to-use format. This program helps officers with the process of paperwork, but all the information is on the computer. It ensures that the officer does not forget to gather information because it has prompts for the officer to ensure they get all of the necessary information for the reports. The records management system allows officers to access all information such as crime r eports, field interview contacts, traffic citations, booking reports, criminal history reports, and investigation reports. All of this information is in one place so that the officer can find the information easier to make their job easier and more efficient. Mobile computing is the main source that officers input and receive their information for calls and to look up information. This is probably the most vital piece of technology. The officer uses their mobile computer to look up information and input information. It makes their jobs easier and the amount of information that is available to them is very helpful when out on calls. The mobile computers that the officers use have access to the computer-aid dispatch and the records management systems at any time or any place. This is a vital tool when policing and doing their job efficiently. There are many types of weapons used in policing. They are not all lethal weapons; some of them are less-than lethal. These weapons are used in today’s society to prevent the use of lethal weapons. The police will try to resolve the crime with these less-than lethal weapons before having to use lethal force, unless the situation calls for lethal force. These weapons include low-velocity rounds which are rubber bullets, wax bullets, or beanbags. These forms of low-velocity rounds are made to stun the criminal. It is not made to hurt them although sometimes this form of weapon does cause bruising or possibly a broken bone depending on the severity of impact. Another form of less-than lethal weapons is sedative darts. Sedative darts are weapons that use a winged hypodermic needle to deliver a potent dose of fast-acting sedatives into a suspect’s bloodstream. The effectiveness depends on the height and weight of the suspect. There is also a chemical weapon. These are things such as pepper spray, tear gas, and other exotic compounds. This form is less often used unless necessary because of the outcomes. This form can’t be contained once used. It also can leak to innocent bystanders. The last weapon is electroshock weapons. This is basically a Taser. A Taser is a weapon that sends 50,000 volts that run through small wires that are attached to needles that can penetrate a suspect up to 25 feet away. The voltage causes involuntary muscle spasms. The Taser has an overall good safety record but has also caused some serious injuries including death. These less-than lethal weapons are used more and more in today’s society. The police are trying to not have to be so lethal in their actions. There are other ways to contain a suspect rather than use lethal force. Officers are now trying these weapons first and if they do not work or the situation calls for more of a lethal weapon choice then they will resort to that. It is good that they have different options depending on the situation. There are many dangers that come with policing. It is not the safest job out there by far. Some of these dangers include but are not limited to accidents while patrolling, murders, homicides, domestic situations, or robberies. Police deal with criminals on a daily basis. It is hard to tell what these criminals and suspects are going to do. This makes the job very dangerous. The only way that police organizations can address the dangers is to ensure that they are properly trained and follow protocol when doing their jobs. There is extensive training associated with policing. Their safety from the dangers is one reason that the training is so extensive. References: Grant, H. B., & Terry, K. J. (2008). Law enforcement in the 21st century (2nd ed). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall. Ury, A. (2009, July 08). Everest. Retrieved from http://news.everest.edu/post/2009/07/police-have-non-lethal-weapons Walker, S., & Katz, C. M. (2011). The police in America: An introduction (7th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.

Teenage crime Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Teenage crime - Research Paper Example ams and support especially for children in poverty stricken regions, employment and educational opportunities for youth, recreational activities and correction programs which will prevent them from engaging in further criminal activities. The changing lifestyle and social relations is having a dramatic effect on the young children and especially those who are in the transition phase from childhood to adolescence. Teenagers in the present day world are left to deal with changing family structures, stress of education and career choices and peer pressure in addition to effect of poverty and social status of their families. This changing environment has been a major contributing factor in the rising youth crime rates around the world. Children, especially teenagers, who are exposed to poverty, disintegrated family structures and peer and social pressures are more prone to commit crime at a young age (Juvenile Delinquency). In addition studies have also linked juvenile crime to substance abuse and constant use of drugs is also connected with re-offending resulting in a drug-crime cycle (Hodgdon). Substance abuse by teenagers is a growing social malady in the United States. Despite bans on the use of illicit drugs by teen agers, the percentage of adolescents using these substances since the 1990s is steadily rising (U. S. Department of Health and Human Services; Juvenile Delinquency and Substance Abuse). Many studies have also shown that drug trafficking involving youth is associated with violent criminal activities. Thus both the consumption of drugs and its trafficking involve violent and criminal activities; with juveniles hailing from lower socioeconomic backgrounds being targeted in a majority of the cases. In many cases teenagers addicted to drugs engage in violent or criminal activities in order to get money to support their substance addiction (Juvenile Delinquency; Juvenile Delinquency and Substance Abuse). Various measures are being undertaken by several

Management accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Management accounting - Essay Example 78). A firm cannot function efficiently without management since it is a core factor, which determines the profitability of the firm. The article highlights clearly that in the modern society numerous individuals hardly understand how the modern management operates in the firm, and this could be a dangerous situation. The world today is built through the effort of all the human beings who work together to ensure key developments occur in the society. Management is obviously ubiquitous since it is vital in all firms, and individuals should understand that it did not just evolve: it was through an invention in the early 1800 (Hoskin & Macve, 1990, p. 845). It is evident that management has played a role in the development of recent businesses since it is related with the culture of ‘managerialism’. Management is equivalent to disciplinary power: this is the only culture that ensures a business runs efficiently. According to Hoskin and Macve (1990, p. 845), evidently, this form of power was invented in the early 1800’s and was later transferred into the business section in the 1840’s. A majority of businesses had not taken shape in those days, but since the introduction of management most of the businesses took shape. Management is a power which is double sided since it runs the organization, and at the same time runs individuals through implementing efficient disciplinary systems. This system controls both the external and internal operations of a firm. In addition, it is a power that develops constantly and improves the organizational systems through knowledge from the expertise in the field of management. The structure of the organization in the modern businesses is highly sophisticated since there is the presence of the line, staff, divisional and matrix in the structure, although the basics of management are constant. Chandler (1977, p. 234) explains that organizations operate through written instructions, both in paper and online, which form a powerful tool for managing an organization in the world at the moment. He further indicates that modern managerialism is impossible without finances and financial numbers. The key functions necessary in the firm include accounting systems, management and financial costs. The structure of the firm has an overall manager referred to as the Chief executive officer (Chandler, 1977, p. 234). The CEO further has a general manager, or two directors, in addition to other managers from various departments reporting directly to the position. The managers include the finance, accounts, human resource, marketing, and research and development manager. Most of the firms have supervisors who report to managers, also known as line managers. According to review by Hoskin & Macve (1990, p. 839), managerial accounting practices in the modern firm originated from the teachings in the military in the early 1800, which were used during the US civil war. Holman (2003, p. 234) supports the arg ument and observes that the accounting practices utilized in the civil war are similar to the practices carried out in the modern business. The process of carrying out managerial accounting included the management of all expenses in relation to men and materials. In the US civil war, all the army accounting clerks and the quartermasters were educated on all matters relating to all the principles of accounting. The basics of the study

Career Exploration and Decision Making Assignment

Career Exploration and Decision Making - Assignment Example For instance, matching idealist and really creates a conducive environment for the business company. Again, artistic and rationalist when they work in the same environment produces wonderful counseling and social team. These indicators are the best to assist one to do self-assessment and lead in choosing a suitable and satisfying career. Having diverse temperament traits combined contribute to success in many ways because each trait has its strength and weakness (Johnston 54). Hence, when there are challenges the different traits which are manifested in different person in a unique way helps in handling the case. Possessing the trait of artistry and being determined in seeing things done in a systematic way counseling can be a gratifying career. This is because these are persons who can give all for their heartwarming. Again teaching need someone who understands and knows how to relate to others the temperament traits such as realistic, idealist and rationalist fits much. Effectiveness and competency can be realized in understanding one's temperament  traits.     

SDLC Application on IT infrastructure of UMUC Student Healthcare Case Study

SDLC Application on IT infrastructure of UMUC Student Healthcare - Case Study Example ervice Clinic by providing a detailed information of the Development Life Cycle including the use of Servers, backups Emailing, Internet Accessibility and Software’s used in Clinical Computer System. An information system can be defined as the use of computer hardware and software to process data into information to solve a problem. The term Clinical Information System (CIS) refers to a group of systems used within a Clinic that support and enhance health care. The CIS comprises two major types of information systems: Clinical Information Systems and Administrative Information Systems. Clinical information systems are large, computerized database management systems that support several types of activities: medical, nursing, laboratory, diagnostic, pharmacy, radiology. Administrative information systems support the process of client care by managing non-clinical, client-related information, including demographics, codes for procedures and insurance. Clinical and administrative information systems may be designed to meet the needs of one or more departments or functions within the organization. They can be implemented as stand-alone systems, or they may work with other systems to provide information sharing and seamless functionality for the users. A SDLC is the traditional method used by organizations for large IT projects. The SDLC entails of sequential processes by which information systems are developed: analysis, design, programming, testing, implementation, and maintenance. A Clinical Information System is a complex system, and Clinic Attendants have a key role to play in practically all phases of its development. The beginning of the (life) cycle is a clear vision of the business process. What do we want to do with the new system? How are we going to do it? What do we need for the system to operate efficiently? So, we must determine the purpose and goals of the project, assure the necessary financial resources, carry out cost-benefit and feasibility

Mortality and the Meaning of Life Research Paper

Mortality and the Meaning of Life - Research Paper Example No one can calculate the exact time of when it will strike. Life has become a hectic burden for the common man. It has become a constant headache of keeping up with the payment of bills. That is all there is to life for most people on earth today. Relations have become secondary, values have become obsolete. The only thing that really matters is money. Money is the new god. But we have miserably faced to realize the most valuable commodity of all; time. There is extensive literature on the management of time. But the major part of it concerns with making the most monetary benefit out of it. We are living an illusion of life. The real essence of life has been buried deep beneath this disturbing rush on earth that we are a part of. Science says that a normal human being becomes aware of death normally around the age of 7 (Landau, 2011). But it is hard to tell when he becomes truly ‘aware’ of it. You don’t expect to die when going out for work in the morning or when coming to dining table for dinner, to be honest, the thought of dying hardly crosses our minds all day long, unless of course you love to listen to the news. You, me, we have all lost ourselves in the fast flow of time. It takes just a moment to stop and analyze whether we are passing through this life or is life passing us by. No one, sadly, has that moment to stop and procrastinate in today’s fast paced world. ... The topic of this essay forced me into a deeper contemplation of death than I have ever delved upon it previously. In my research over the topic, I read accounts of people who were diagnosed with fatal diseases and how the revelation changed and constructed their views about the meaning of life and its purpose (zoom, 2009). I learned that mortality plays the central role in giving our lives meaning. Almost all the people whose accounts I read had the same common realization, i.e. live completely in your today and for your today. They felt like that because they weren’t certain of whether they would live to see the next day or not. They wanted to live to their fullest in that very moment that they possessed, not being sure of even the next moment. That made me think; am I sure of my next moment? The answer is no. Life and death are the most unpredictable of all things we know. We witness people dying in their bedrooms and we also hear of people surviving fatal fires. So no, I d on’t know if I even have any time left after I finish this essay. Should we turn pessimistic over this fact and start living in fear of the inevitable. Religions of the world will teach you to do so, to fear your day of judgment if you believe in one, or to fear the consequences of your action after death. But the concept of mortality made me realize that the only thing I have to be fearful of is my ‘now’, to be fearful of the consequences of my actions that I am undertaking right now. There is an inherent beauty to the unpredictability of death. Since you are not aware of when it might arrive, you feel like you can always amend your ways or make right any wrong you might have done. At the same time, you are aware that you have to accomplish whatever gives you the most

Thomas Jefferson Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Thomas Jefferson - Essay Example In his opinion, Alexander was different from his peers and would relieve the people from oppression. Jefferson believed that the monarchy system was a flawed system, but also understood that not all societies had reached the level required to sustain a republic. He had a great admiration for Tsar Alexander and even wrote to him constantly to commend him for his good character. He believed that Alexander was an enlightened monarch who would alleviate the suffering of his people. He even asked Alexander to mediate the ongoing dispute between the United States and Britain. The author of the ‘Three Emperors’ feels that it is because of this admiration for Alexander that Jefferson accepted the gift. In the parlor, President Jefferson placed the bust opposite the bust of Napoleon to show that the two were totally different. The author of this book feels that these two rulers were not different from each other, but just had different ways of doing the same thing. The author feels that the distinction should have been Jefferson and the European rulers. Jefferson was concerned with access to land and the international trade for the state to flourish. The author states that Jefferson was pragmatic in the means he used to achieve the success of his people, although he was guided by clear ideological visions. Jefferson used statecraft means to achieve his goals of protecting the interests of the people of America from a world that he believed was hostile. Jefferson’s way of leadership showed that he belonged to the idealist school of thought that believes that the policies that determine action in America, should be based on moral principles. Jefferson was able to achieve his long-term diplomatic success by using moral principles and a righteous tone. He envisioned a world where disputes between nations were resolved amicably without resulting in war. He used different means to attain whatever he wanted, but the results were consistent. I would hold

Analysis of General Theories of History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Analysis of General Theories of History - Essay Example Experiences from one generation to another do not vary greatly; thereby it is important to learn lessons from the overall course of history. The first attempt to record the science of history was undertaken by the Greeks about twenty-five hundred years ago. The need to comprehend history and translate its effects into the future does not arise in societies with long-standing and relatively steady social structures. Such a state of affairs is not given much consideration. However, when societies face sudden drastic turmoil which triggers changes in the social structure, then understanding the underlying motives which led to the change becomes imperative. Usually wars, travelling, trade and colonization result in an entirely different culture being imposed on the society which they come into contact with. This forced integration of diverse cultures culminates in a clash between different social strata; so it becomes crucial to identify and comprehend the sources and foundations of such oppositions. Men of knowledge compare and contrast various sorts of governments and social structures in an attempt to resolve differences and bring harmony to the society. It is obvious that conflict resolution is not possible unless conflict description and diagnosis are accurate enough. The role and responsibility of creating accurate problem diagnosis is within the domain of political theorists. Neither has history been created nor have our social structures evolved in accordance with a pre-defined plan. Nature has not dictated the course of events rather it is the people who compose societies who chose their cultural norms, established various institutions and developed ideologies. It is time to realize that the human nature itself is determined by changes in life and labour. History has been shaped by economic progress, division of society in different social-economic strata, changes in condition of labour, advancements in production and trading. In this respect there have be en a number of different contributions to thought on political history from various quarters. The evolution of political history in its current forms can be seen as deriving from the Age of Enlightenment where thinkers such as Hegel and Kant picked up the gauntlet to define history in such a manner. This work was carried on later by numerous others including Karl Marx who has had a major impact on the modern day given his role in the creation of a communist ideology. In more modern terms, the earliest thoughts on the philosophy of history derived from the views and work of Kant. He held that humanity had been driven into its current state of autonomy through the use of enlightened despotism (Kant, 1991) (Murphy, 1994). Kant’s views on the issue can be seen more clearly through his work titled Idea for a Universal History with a Cosmopolitan Purpose. Kant produced a paradoxical picture by expounding on the one hand that national liberation was only possible through enlightened despotism while ultimate autonomy rested entirely with the individual’s will to gain it (Williams, 1992). Kant recognised that history ensured that progress had to come in human affairs but Kant’s method of delineating the mechanism remains self-contradictory (Hampsher-Monk, 1993). Strangely he holds that liberation lies solely through

Problem based exercises on Law Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Problem based exercises on Law - Case Study Example The letter stated that the offer was "exclusively" being made to the "members" of the yatch club against payment of $80,000. The letter also states that the first member to accept the offer will receive the yatch, hence according to the Sales of Goods Act 1979 Section 18 (3), in case of sales on approval, property passes when the buyer signifies his acceptance to the seller. 3. At 8 pm, Dandy, a club "visitor" rang Gemstone, Mrs Gemstone answered in the absence of her husband and Dandy proposed $90,000 for the yatch. Not being a "member" of the yatch club, Dandy does not fulfill the contract according to the Contract Law, since he has not been offered a deal to accept. However, it can be considered that Dandy is now making an offer for Gemstone to accept, but since Mrs Gemstone did not clearly state that she is accepting the offer (she only replied "My husband will be pleased. He asked me to receive any acceptances as he is away tonight. I suggestto arrange delivery") See Gibson v Manchester City Council 1979 1 AER 972, where using the word "suggest" merely illustrates final arrangements, but does not show that any stage the offer has been accepted. 4. Chuck posted his acceptance letter at 9 pm. ... I suggestto arrange delivery") See Gibson v Manchester City Council 1979 1 AER 972, where using the word "suggest" merely illustrates final arrangements, but does not show that any stage the offer has been accepted. 4. Chuck posted his acceptance letter at 9 pm. According to the Contract Law, an offer is acceptance at the time the letter is posted, irrespective of the time the letter reaches destination or even if it does not reach destination. see Byrne v Van Tienhoven (1880) 5 CPD 344 in which it is stated that an offer is accepted once it leaves the hands of the person. Since Chuck is a member of the club, and he is the first to accept Gemstone's offer, legally according to point 2 above, he is the righteous person to claim the yatch. 5. Slick, also being a club member sent his acceptance by mail at 9.30 pm, hence 30 minutes after Chuck. Thus the contract having already been formed being Chuck and Gemstone, Gemstone having clearly stated that the first member to accept will receive the yatch, Slick has no legal right to claim for the yatch. As we can see, Gemstone wants to deliver the yatch to Dandy. Considering all the above points, Chuck is now the righteous owner of the yatch legally. Slick cannot make any legal claim since he was not the first member to accept Gemstone's offer. So, legally, the yatch should be delivered to Chuck. However if Gemstone persists and delivers the yatch to Dandy, he will be making a major breach in the contact with Chuck, who can sue Gemstone immediately for damages. Question Two This case discusses about an "Oral" Contract, that is, one which is not a drafted formal contract between the two parties and where there exists neither evidence nor proof in writing and signed documents. Generally an oral

The Answer of Unity Essay Example for Free

The Answer of Unity Essay In â€Å"Letter from a Birmingham Jail,’ Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. forms a rational and well grounded argument for direct action, non-violent civil rights campaigning in the specific context of the open letter â€Å"A Call for Unity. † Through both form and function, Dr. King fleshed out the reasons for his approach with the hope that by shedding light on his tactics, the clergymen and their followers would no longer remain silent companions of segregation. This brief essay will outline some of those notable explicit examples by discussing how the rhetorical style and physical evidence provided Dr. King’s letter with a vital sense of urgency. This open response letter speaks directly to his critics in a language that is calm and exacting. He spares no detail and tackles each criticism with the hopes of (re)negotiating the terms on which direct action non-violent campaigns are publicly perceived. Dr. King initially responds to the charge that they were ‘outsiders coming in’ to Birmingham and did not have a personal reason to demonstrate there. He responds to this criticism through a discussion and import of the inter-relatedness of the racial situation in America, or what he more eloquently states, â€Å"The inescapable network of mutuality, tied in a single garment of destiny. † By stressing the fact that the racial climate affects everyone, both directly and indirectly, Dr. King is rallying his argument around the basis of common brotherhood and unity which directly responds to the title of the clergymen’s letter, â€Å"A Call for Unity. † In this way, he indicted the silent majority for being accomplices to the factors that led up to the demonstration, while the clergymen were unsuccessfully trying to typecast the demonstrators and the demonstration as being an extremist approach that would lead to violence. Dr. King answered this call by stating the four steps to non-violent campaigning, an approach that aimed to highlight tension with the ultimate goal of creating dialogue rather than monologue. Dr. King offers another striking defense of his philosophy when he moves on to the discussion of timing and wisdom. The clergymen were upset that the demonstration was taking place so quickly after the city of Birmingham elected Mayor Boutwell. They argued that the demonstrations did not offer enough time for the new mayor to initiate civil rights policies. However, Dr. King noted that the Civil Rights movement, not only in Birmingham, but across the country, had already waited over 340 years to gain their natural rights promised to them by the Constitution. He cites the fact that prior negotiations had only led to further disappointment and broken promises on the part of the white city government who had agreed to take down segregationist signs throughout the city. He places this argument in the context of negative versus positive peace, where negative peace is the absence of tension and positive peace is the presence of justice. Dr. King was fighting for positive peace in the name of love and God, a language the clergymen were familiar with but had not applied to their everyday teachings. Ultimately, Dr. King deconstructed the clergymen’s letter down to an ideological and fear-based argument that aimed to maintain the status quo. Perhaps his critique of the white majority and the silence of the Christian church was his most heartfelt and scathing critique and that caused him the greatest disappointment. Despite his disagreement with the clergymen, Dr. King offered a immanent defense of his philosophy that effectively opened the way for further direct action, non-violent civil rights campaigning.

Theories of Cognitive Development by Piaget and Vygotsky Essay Example for Free

Theories of Cognitive Development by Piaget and Vygotsky Essay Jean Piaget’s and Lev Semionovich Vygotsky’s theories on cognitive development both play a significant role in addressing the intellectual growth of children (Lain, 2006). Psychologists and educators alike, rely on these theories in constructing the standards by which children are being brought up and taught today. Essentially, cognitive development is the process by which our intellectual ability grows and progresses. Slavin (2003), maintains that cognitive development, â€Å"is the gradual and orderly changes that occur making ones mental process more complex and sophisticated† (as cited in Lain, 2006, Cognitive Development section, para. 1). As the children’s learning process is crucial to the development of their learning ability and critical thought process, educators must have a good grasp of these theories to fully address the children’s individual learning needs. Jean Piaget’s theory is marked by several developmental stages that define the child’s corresponding cognitive level. On the other hand, Lev Vygotsky developed the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) based on the assumption that children learn more quickly under the guidance of a more experienced adult (Maccarelli, 2006). Considered as constructivists, both renowned theorists believed that children learn by formulating new ideas by combining old ones. The Hawaii Department of Education E-School also claims that, â€Å"constructivists believe that learning is affected by the context in which an idea is taught as well as by students beliefs and attitudes† (as cited in Davison, 2006, Piaget vs Vygotsky: The Cognitive Development Theory section, para. 1). As society determines the amount of knowledge a child gains, it also sets the limit to the students’ cognitive development. However, the principal ideas between the two theorists vary greatly. Piaget strongly believed that learning occurs after development. He indicated that a child will start the learning process after the child has reached a certain developmental stage. Contrarily, Vygotsky claimed that the child develops as a result of learning. Furthermore, Vygotsky placed a large amount of emphasis on the importance of outside influence to the child’s overall cognitive development, where as Piaget barely acknowledged the significance of outside influence on the child’s development in his theorems. Moreover, while Piaget’s theory has four distinct and set standards of development, Vygotsky’s theory does not support predetermined stages at all. Instead, he stressed the importance of private speech and ZPD on the child’s development. Living in a society that is an integration of multiple cultures, classified by age, race, gender, ethnicity, religion, and economic status, each of us is a product of our social interactions to these various cultures. If we examine Vygotsky’s theory, a large part of a child’s development is placed on the input of others, it is therefore reasonable to assume that a multicultural society places a great deal of input on the child’s development. However, since a child’s development is limited to his or her surroundings, and his thoughts and ideas mainly influenced by that of his early caregivers, sometimes the child is not exposed to different cultures other than his own. This gives rise to multicultural issues that we see nowadays. And as the study of multicultural psychology is greatly concerned with exploring, understanding, and appreciating the differences in culture, based on Piaget’s and Vygotsky’s theory, these multicultural issues could be avoided if children are exposed or introduced to diverse cultures early in life. References Davison, B. (2006). Piaget vs Vygotsky: The Cognitive Development Theory. Associated Content. Retrieved on January 01, 2009, from http://www. associatedcontent. com/article/94974/piaget_vs_vygotsky_the_cognitive_development. html? cat=4 Lain, (2006). Cognitive Development: A Comparison Between the Work of Piaget, Bruner, and Vygotsky. Associated Content. Retrieved on January 01, 2009, from http://www. associatedcontent. com/article/41531/cognitive_development. html? cat=4 Maccarelli, S. (2006). Vygotsky’s Theory of Cognitive Development: The Socio-Cultural Perspective. Associated Content. Retrieved on January 01, 2009, from http://www. associatedcontent. com/article/29997/vygotskys_theory_of_cognitive_development. html? cat=4 Uncgrad, (2006). Piagets Stages of Cognitive Development. Associated Content. Retrieved on January 01, 2009, from http://www. associatedcontent. com/article/452881/piagets_stages_of_cognitive_development. html? cat=4

Reflection Diagram Of Gibbs Cycle

Reflection Diagram Of Gibbs Cycle From this whole course of PPD 2, Ive learnt and gained the skill by studying the entire learning model. The learning model that Im going to choose to write about is the Gibbs Learning Cycle. This is because Gibbs Learning Cycle is easy to understand, applicable on the study and effective on learning process. The Gibbs Learning Cycle is very popular among the learning model and it is good for reflection of study where it consists of six steps for the whole process. Model of reflection diagram of Gibbs Cycle(Queen Margaret University, 2011) This six steps or stages contain Description, Feelings, Evaluation, Analysis, Conclusion, and Action Plan. For the Description stage, it simply tells you to reflect and describe what youve learnt or what happened. In this step, you shouldnt make any conclusion or judgment as you need to understand the whole situation rather than simply draw a result. We can conclude as when a problem occurs, we should reflect or think back on what has happened. An example of it will be shown on the next line. When a new Professional Pitch task has been assigned, I will look carefully to the question in order to have a fully understanding in my mind for the task completion. When a new piece of note is given by the lecturer, I will have a rough scan just to have a basic overview on what is it all about? After that, when the lecturer is giving his/her lecture, I will listen carefully on what they talking about and write down the important notes and points. Besides that, I will ask them publically in the class or personally after the class if I have any question about that chapter. For the Feeling stage, a lot of feeling and thoughts were running inside my mind when the lecturer is giving their lecture, giving out task and having a discussion with us. When they are giving their lecture, I feel so curious about what they will teach and excited about the topic as Ive never been in touch with Personal and Professional Development 2. Other than the feeling of curious and excited, I will also afraid because I might not be able to follow the footsteps of the lecturer. Therefore, the complex feeling that I have it that time makes me concentrate more in the class and pay more attention on what the lecturer is teaching. While the lecturer is giving out task and assignments to us, I felt anxious as a lot of things need to be done and lastly we have to take our complete assignment for turnitin. At the same time Im happy as finally I can use the knowledge that Ive gained from the lecturer to do some work. The discussion part is an interesting part as all the students in th e class are participating for it and a lot of answer will pop up and I can learn from that. At the mean time, I will felt nervous as sometimes the question will be too hard and I might not be able to answer it if the lecturer points me to answer. The feeling changed after the event ends. The lecturer goes for a slow and smooth baby steps when they giving out lecture and it suits me very much as Im not a fast learner. Every single word that the lecturer said was memorable in my mind and I felt excited about that. The task given by the lecturer was finished by a week before the due date and my turnitin plagiarism rate was below 15%. This is the result that I aimed for and Im able to achieve that and it gives me confidence to do better. I felt happy and interesting after the discussion part as Ive learnt something new and I can even answer the hard question given by the lecturer. For the evaluation stage, Ive good and bad experiences throughout the course of PPD2. The positive thing is that I can communicate well with the lecturer whenever I need their help in the process of learning. This will not only help my communication skill but also courage and gaining of knowledge. This is because Im a person who doesnt have a strong courage to face stranger as Im afraid to talk with them. But as I know that the learning process requires student to communicate and talk with their lecturer when they faced problem. Thus, I made up my courage and the result of it didnt disappoint me. Besides that, I also have some bad experiences for the class of PPD2. Sometimes the lecture was too boring and it couldnt bring up my will to study. I considered it as a bad experiences because when I have no will to study, it wasted my time and effort and end up of learning nothing. The lecturer sometimes uses an old fashioned way to teach, that is read through the paper. Besides that, I ha ve some bad experiences in the class by my own behavior. Certain times, I might not concentrate when the class is boring therefore I will talk with my friends and end up wasting my own time and learned nothing. Eventually I know what I did is wrong and wasteful so Ive changed my behavior and get myself to back on track. In the analysis stage, I realized that I have a big interest on PPD2. This is because it helps me to build up the most important thing that is my personal skill, confidence, courage and learning skill. Every single thing that the lecturer teaches was so useful and there are a lot of things to be learned. I have found out that the learning model and the content of PPD2 are something fresh and things that are totally new to me. Thus, for a person that likes adventure, it suits me well. Everything and every chapter that the lecturer gives out attract my attention and I will always try my best to do it. For the conclusion stage, Ive learnt and gained lots of knowledge from my lecturer. Ive learnt how to do well in everything no matter by myself or with a team. Other than that, it also makes me understand more about the importance of personal skills and teamwork. Besides that, training and improvements are needed in order to make me concentrate more in specific time. This is because even if there are boring classes, I should not make any noise to disturb the rest of the class. Through this course, I know where my strength is and weakness and improvement will definitely takes it place. When the lecturer is giving out new chapter for the next classes, I will do my own revision on that chapter to give myself a rough idea on it. This will not only help my understanding but also speed up the process of learning in myself. For the action plan stage, I will absolutely do a lot better than current. Attitude will change as I know that my current attitude is not good enough for me to have a great success. I will work harder for my work and pay more concentration when its time for serious. Besides that, assignments and tasks that given by the lecturer will also are done earlier as the lecturer can have a check on it in order to increase the quality of my work. When the discussion part is going on, I will try to answer every single question. This is to make sure that I fully understand what the lecturer is talking about. Other than that, when I faced any problem or difficulties for my work, I will not only discuss with my lecturer but also my classmates. This will not only make me gained extra knowledge but it also improves my communication and social skills. I also found out that I must also learn how to approach people by making the first step. I must take initiative to deal with someone rather than hoping or dreaming for others to make their first step. Besides that, I also need to increase my ability to study more in order to have a good result for the final year. I hope to have a CGPA of 3.5 and above and I know to achieve this, lots of efforts are needed. To obtain this result, I will not only study hard for the school study material, but I will find my own research to have a deeper understanding and I will borrow some books or references from the library to have better understanding. The strength of Gibbs Reflective Cycle is to develop a questioning attitude and new perspectives, identify areas for change and improvement, respond effectively to new challenges, and generalize and apply what you have learned from one situation to other situation. (University of Reading, n.d.) The Gibbs Reflective Cycle makes me to have a manner of keeps on asking question for something that is new and unknown to me. Other than that, it also helps me to find out where is my strength and weakness in order to improve my skills. Besides that, it also makes me to be a good respondent. Every time a problem pops out, I managed to think carefully and analyze it to get the solution.

Gatsby :: essays papers

Gatsby Green Light in the Great Gatsby After the events of this story have unfolded, the narrator Nick, focuses on the man most like himself; Gatsby. Both Nick Carraway and Jay Gatz hail from the mid-west, where morals and the right way of getting ahead are instilled into them. They travel to New York, where the morals are paper-thin and everything seems turned upside down. The saps with morals stay in the ashheaps while the careless, foolhardy upper society do what they please. Nick stays true to the mid-west morals of an earnest, hardworking living while Gatsby tries to be just like the others on East Egg. Nick says this of him, â€Å"Gatsby believed in the green light, the orgastic future that year by year recedes before us. It eluded us then, but that’s no matter-tomorrow we will run faster, stretch out our arms further.....And one fine morning-†. A central theme of the novel I think, is the idea that people aren’t satisfied with what they have, they are always going further and further, never knowing when to stop, and always striving for that bright star that â€Å"seemed so close that he could hardly fail to grasp it.† To Gatsby the green light symbolizes Daisy, Daisy in a way represents her peers in the same social strata as her. Daisy is a fool, living vicariously and so are the characters in this book. The green light represents the wild and recklessness of the times. These were times when women for the first time were drinking and smoking alongside the guys, their war was over and so were their troubles. The green light for them means go, after most wars the economy experiences a boom, this was no different. They are cocksure, thinking that whatever they do is right, and they always push on. They don’t care what happens to others as long as they remain untouched and unrivaled. This selfishness is shown in nearly all characters except Nick, who accepts his life and is satisfied. He works hard and scrapes by, but he is living the life he wants, â€Å"I am one of the few honest men that I have ever known.†(64). He’s sensible and thinks out his actions. He doesn’t have the green gleam in his eye that everyone else seems to have. He is an observer to the situation, and when he talks of Gatsby believing in the Green Light, he sums up Gatsby’s philosophy and possibly what was written in the back of his most recent edition of â€Å"Hopalong Cassidy†; the way to live his life dedicated to Daisy.

Martin The Warrior :: essays research papers

Martin In a time of danger A time of hunger The mouse was a stranger The mouse was strong He showed the cats With help from some bats How to behave He showed his pain, anger, and strife The creatures were thankful As a matter of fact He was honored for not only a life But for many years to come The novel, Martin the Warrior by Brian Jacques, is a book about a young mouse warrior named Martin, son of Luke the Warrior, a mouse that fought sea rats, One day, after the murder of most of his tribe (including his wife), Luke set sail to have his revenge against Vilu Daskar, the stoat pirate responsible for the massacre. Before he left, he gave Martin his sword, which had been handed down through their family since Luke's own grandsire lived.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This book is about how Martin travels through a land full of moles, squirrels, and other woodland creatures which talk and walk upright. Martin goes around meeting creatures from all different lands and asks them to join his army to fight a tyrant who is keeping slaves in his fort, Marshank. The plot of this book is how Martin and his friends fight the tyrant, Badrang, to free slaves. The main idea of the book is how and why Martin and his army fight the tyrant.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When Martin was captured as a slave for Badrang the Tyrant, he was furious. Not only did the evil rat steal his father's sword, he beat and mistreated all of the slaves horribly! Devising a plan, Martin frees himself and two of his friends from the Marshank, the slave camp: Brome the mouse and Felldoh the squirrel. Brome's sister, Laterose (Rose for short) and her companion Grumm the mole all set out with Martin and his friends to go get help from their hometown of Noonvale. Unfortunately, due to the sea's conditions, Martin, Rose, and Grumm get separated from Brome and Felldoh. The two strings of the story carry on and tie together at the end: Martin's group eventually reaches Noonvale, where he returns to Badrang to get his revenge, and Brome and Felldoh join the Rambling Rosehip Players, a bunch of happy-go-lucky animals that made the hardships less hard, and also get to the slave camp. The ending is tragic, and whenever I read it I get depressed. Martin, in th e end, retrieves his sword from Badrang, and succeeds in killing him, but Rose, who he has become very much attached to, tries to help Martin in killing Badrang, but only ends up getting killed by him herself.

Cults Essay -- essays research papers fc

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The word cult is defined as an alternative religion. Most cults are started because someone doesn’t like the way the world is, and feels that his/her church isn’t doing anything to make it better, so they leave and create what they believe to be the perfect religion. Then this person strives to make others believe as they do so they will join (Miller, 1991, p. 15). There are somewhere around 3,000 to 5,000 of these cults throughout the United States, but only 75 to 100 are documented (Miller, 1991, p. 15-16). Satanism is the oldest form of such cults. A few other commonly known cults are Reverend Jim Jones and the People Temple, Heavens Gate, and Charles Manson and the Family. In the early 20th century, Allistar Crowly, AKA â€Å"The Black Pope†, started modern Satanism. It is said that Anton Lavey brought Satanism to the United States. Anton believed that he was the reincarnation of the â€Å"Black Pope†. He set his church up in San Francisco in 1966. Within one year Anton’s cult grew to more than 200,000 members (Miller, 1991, p. 28-29). Anton then went to Hollywood to help make movies about Satanism. He succeeded in doing so and was involved with the making of many movies including Rosmary’s Baby (Miller, 1991, p. 29). During this time Lavey and his assistant Michael Aquins wrote The Satanic Bible, which instantly became a best seller. The Satanic Bible told of the main concepts of Satanism. Basically, it is the reverse of Christianity. The main idea projected is â€Å"Do what thou will† (Miller, 1991, p. 31). One of the peculiar rituals of Satanist is the sacrifice of a newborn child. They believe that the newborn has a special power, and if they sacrifice the baby immediately after birth, that its power will go into the coven (Miller 1991, p. 33).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Reverend Jim Jones was the leader of The Peoples Temple. Jim thought of himself as the reincarnation of Jesus and Lenin. His vision of world domination was nuclear war, and the only cities that would survive are Ukiah, California and Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Because of this belief, he moved his cult to Ukiah and awaited the war (Cults R Us, 2000, September 27, p. 1). After awhile he grew tired of waiting for what he claimed would be â€Å"WW 3†, so he relocated his church to San Francisco. There he practiced a ritual know as â€Å"White Nights†. In this ritual members prepare... ...ly where to go first. Manson’s first victim was Terry Melcher. Several members of â€Å"The Family† went to his house and killed him. When they were finished they wrote â€Å"POLITICAL PIGGY† on a wall to make it look like the Black Panthers had committed the murder. The next victim was Cielo Drive. Once again several members of â€Å"The Family† went to her house and killed her. They killed five other people. One of the members wanted to cut a baby from the stomach of a pregnant woman they had killed and take it to Charles. She also thought about cutting out the baby’s heart and eating it (Cults R Us, 2000, p. 1). Manson’s antics were put to an end one day while â€Å"The Family† was out in the desert riding dun buggies where marshals arrested Charles and other members of the Cult (Cults R Us, 2000, p. 1). Statistics have shown that most Satanist lack self-confidence. They enter the religion because of the false sense of power and security it offers. Although   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Bibliography 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cults R Us (2000, September 27) [online] Available: www.mayhem.net/crime/cults1/html 2. Miller, M (1990). Coping With Cults. Rosen Publishing Group, INC. New York.

How Does Drug Abuse Affect Personal Development of Hong Kong Teenagers? Essay

Liberal Studies: Independent Enquiry Studies Enquiry theme: How does drug abuse affect personal development of Hong Kong teenagers? 1. Introduction I am interested in the topic of drug abuse since I first study the bad effects of drug abuse. However, the reason I chose drug abuse as my enquiry topic because a new that I recently read .It showed a very dangerous trend appears in Hong Kong which is more and more teenagers try to abuse drugs. It also found that drug abuse would cause great damage towards the personal development of teenagers. As I am very worry about this issue so I developed interest on the issue of teenage drug abuse. I also found that the age of teenager who abuse drugs become younger and younger. 1From the statistic done in 2009 shows that there were 8,916 drug users reported in the first six months of the year, which is 1.7% more than the same period in 2008. The number of drug users under 21 years old rose from 2,106 to 2,175. This information shows the urgency to pay attention to the problem. If we do not pay attention to the issue of teenage drug abuse, many teenagers will suffer greatly from drug abuse. Furthermore, I had also done an interview with a social worker, Miss Fung. I have a more clear understanding towards the reasons that cause teenagers to abuse drugs. I think it is very important to consider the reasons of teenage drug abuse .We can try to prevent teenager drug abuse only when we know why they try to abuse drugs. Furthermore, we also need to consider the bad effects of teenage drug abuse towards their personal development so that teenagers could understand the seriousness of drug abuse. This is also an effective ways in preventing teenage from abusing drugs. 1 Teen Drug Use Increasing in Hong Kong Posted on September 8, 2009 http://www.teendrugabuse.org/drugs-abused/teen-drug-use-increasing-in-hong-kong 3 2. Objectives 1. 2. To find out reasons that teenagers try to abuse drugs To find out whether the problem of teenage drug abuse is serious among Hong Kong teenagers? 3. 4. To see the effect of abusing drugs towards teenagers’ personal development. To give some suggestion on how to prevent teenagers drug abuse. Focus Questions 1. What is meant by drug abuse? 2. Are Hong Kong teenagers abuse drugs is a common phenomenon in the society? 3. What are the reasons that drive the Hong Kong teenagers to abuse drugs? 4. What are the bad effects causes by drugs abusing towards the teenagers’ personal development? 5. How can the society help to prevent teenage drug abuse? 4 3. Research Methodology 3.1 Questionnaire The target interviewees are teenagers aged between 12 to 21 years old. There are 43 respondents for the questionnaire. This questionnaire was set in English. The questionnaire is an online interview which designed in the form of multiple choice or some ranking questions to find out the reasons that drive teenagers to abuse drugs and the negative impacts brought by drug abuse, and the effectiveness of some preventive measures towards teenage drug abuse. The questionnaire is divided into 4 parts. Part 1 asked for the personal information about the interviewees, part 2 asks for the cause of teenage drug abuse, part 3 asks for the bad impacts brought by drug abuse and part 4 asks for the effectiveness of some preventive methods in preventing teenage drug abuse. 3.2 Interview The data collection process also includes an interview with a teenage social worker who had worked as a teenage social worker for 6 years. During the interview, a series of questions about teenage drug abuse were being asked  in order to collect data for the research. For example, in your point of view, what are the main causes that drive teenagers to abuse drugs? 3.3 Limitations There are some questions in the questionnaire are used to decide the effectiveness of some preventive measures towards teenage drug abuse. Therefore, it is a bit difficult for the respondents may found that it is difficult to answer these questions the questions. However, it is necessary to determine the effectiveness of these preventive measures so as to conclude some effective preventive measures in preventing teenage drug abuse. Also, there were only 43 respondents to answer the questionnaire so the data collected may not able to represents the general condition of teenage drug abuse in Hong Kong. Moreover, the main cause of teenage drug abuse and the bad effects of teenage drugs could be 5 finding out in the questionnaire. 4. Literature Review The problem of drug abuse of Hong Kong teenagers became a very hot topic among the society. There are also some figures shows that there are increasing trend of Hong Kong teenagers abuse drugs and there are many surveys show that teenage drug abuse would caused many bad effects towards their growth and development. I would give a brief analysis based on the following articles. The article â€Å"Teen drug use in Hong Kong† shows that there is an increasing number of teenage drug abuser in Hong Kong. At the same time, the age of drug abusers become much younger than the previous years. The statistic shows that there were 8,916 drug users reported in the first six months of 2009, 1.7% more than the same period last year. The number of drug users under 21 years old rose from 2,106 to 2,175.Most importantly, the drug users aged 12 to 15, the number of which has grown 25% from 204 to 256. This shows that there is an urgent need to take action to stop and prevent teenagers in Hong Kong to abuse drugs. On the other hand, the article â€Å"Problems arising from drug abuse† by Valerie Belew studied the problems caused by drug abuse. It studied is not just focus on the problem s caused by drug abuse towards teenagers but it studied the problems as a  whole. The problems caused by drug abuse would also happen in adult. It pointed out the seriousness of drug abuse towards once personal development. The articles divided the problems arise from drug abuse into 5 aspects, addiction as Brain dysfunction, developmental problems, physical disease, family problems and financial problems. The article is useful I providing a detailed information about the bad effects caused by drug abuse. Although the problems caused by drug abuse discussed in the article are not addressed to teenagers, the information can also be applied to the negative impacts of teenage drug abuse towards their personal development. 6 5. Findings and Analysis 5.1 General information of the questionnaire I posted the questionnaire in the website (www.my3q.com) on 12/4/2010. There are totally 43 respondents answered the questions. 5.2 Definition of drug abuse Definition provided by respondents Misuse of prescription or over-the-counter drugs No of respondents 3 5 A maladaptive pattern of use of a substance that is not considered dependent Intake of illegal drugs Over intake of certain drugs which lead to addiction 10 25 Table 1 According to table 1, different respondents have different opinion onto the definition of drug abuse. These definitions given by respondents are correct. This shows that most of the Hong Kong teenagers have a brief understanding towards the meaning of drug abuse. However, their concept of drug abuse is not clear enough. The most comprehensive definition of drug abuse is a 2compulsive, excessive, and self-damaging use of habit forming drugs or substances, leading to addiction or dependence, serious  physiological injury (such as damage to kidneys, liver, heart) and or psychological harm (such as dysfunctional behavior patterns, hallucinations, memory loss), or death. It also called substance abuse. Therefore, the definitions given by the respondents are very similar the most comprehensive definitions. This shows that teenagers understand the meaning of drug 2 Drug abuse http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/drug-abuse.html 7 abuse. 5.3 The universality of the problem of teenage drug abuse in Hong Kong Do you think the problem of teenage drug abuse is common in Hong Kong? 16% Yes No 84% Chart 1 From the above data, 16 % (7/43))of respondents think that the problem of teenage drug abuse is common in Hong Kong while there are 84% (36/43) of respondents believe that the problem of teenage drug abuse is common in Hong Kong. It shows that most of the respondents think the problem of teenage drug abuse is common in Hong Kong. 8 5.4 Reasons that cause teenage drug abuse What cause teenagers to take drugs? (Can choose more than one blanks) 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 34 27 20 12 6 5 Peer influence Seeking for excitement Escaping from the sadness Imitating the manner of parents Underestimate the bad effects of drugs Others Chart 2 5.4.1 Peer influence According to Chart 2, the main reasons that cause the respondents to abuse drugs is â€Å"Peer influence †, where 36 respondents had chosen this item. Peer is a very influential group among teenagers. 3As teenagers usually spend a large amount of times with their peers so peers will play a very influential role in teenagers’ live. The credibility, authority, power, and influence of peers are greater during adolescence than at any other time in life. Therefore, teenagers will seek for acceptance and belonging to their peer groups. In this way, teenagers are more likely to abuse drugs if their peers had abuse drugs so as to gain peer recognition. Also, teenagers would feel it is difficult to refuse the requests by their peers. As they worried they would be isolated by their peers if they refused their requests so they would usually take the requests 3 Peer Influence – Development Of Peer Influence, Negative Peer Influence, Positive Peer Influence, Family Relationships And Peer Influence – JRank  Articles http://family.jrank.org/pages/1265/Peer-Influence.html#ixzz1aI7t6nxU 9 f their peers. Even though they know that abusing drugs is bad for their health, they would still follow their peers to abuse drugs. Teenagers would feel more save if they follow the manners of their peers. Therefore, they would follow the manners of their peers like abusing drugs if their peers ask them to do so. 5.4.2 Seeking for excitement Seeking for excitement is also a very important reason that cause teenagers abuse drugs. There are 27 respondents think that â€Å"seeking for excitement† is the main reasons that cause teenage drug abuse. In fact, seeking for excitement is a very common characteristic among teenagers. As teenagers usually focus on studies in their age and they may feel bored of studying. Thus they would like to seek for some excitement in order to make their live more â€Å"interesting†. Some kind of drugs may cause some side effects like a sense of excitement after in taking them. Therefore, some teenagers would like to take these drugs in order to gain a sense of excitement. 5.4.3 Escaping from sadness According to chart2, there are 20 respondents think that â€Å"escaping from sadness† is an important reason that cause teenagers abuse drugs. Teenagers are not mature enough in their age so they easily develop an idea of escaping from the reality when they faced difficulties. People may have hallucination or they may lose their senses after they took drugs. Therefore, some teenagers would like to take drugs so as to forget their sadness and enjoy the hyper feeling brought by taking drugs. Thus, these teenagers abuse drugs in order to escape from their sadness in reality. 5.4.4 Others All of the respondents chosen others believe that the main reason that causes drug abuse is curiosity. Teenagers usually feel very curious about different things that they have not tried before. At the same time, many adults emphasis that drug abuse would cause great harm towards their personal 10 development. Hence, teenagers would be more curious about drug abuse so they would try to abuse drugs due to curiosity. 5.5 Bad effects brought by abusing drugs Do you think drug abuse will bring any negative impacts towards the society? 0% Yes No 100% Chart 3 Are the following the negative impacts of drug abuse? 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 17 10 17 10 25 20 14 17 39 11 Chart 4 According to Chart 3, all of the 43 respondents believe that drug abuse will bring some negative effects towards the society. Drug abuse would cause great damage towards health of the drug addicts. Thus, these drug addicts may not able to continue with their work or affect their performance in working after they abuse drugs. This will defiantly reduce the productivity of Hong Kong. Furthermore, drug abuse will cause great damage towards the health of drug addicts. Then, they need to visit the doctors frequently to receive medical treatment. This would place a heavy burden of medical services in Hong Kong. It will also increase the medical expenditure which may reduce the expenditure spend o other development. Therefore, it will slow down economic development. On the other hand, drug addicts are not able to control themselves due to the side effects of drugs. Thus, they may perform some dangerous behavior after they take drugs like crossing the road without considering the condition of pavement. This will increase the risk of accidents. It is also very dangerous if these drug addicts to drive cars after abusing drugs. This could also increase the risk of car accidents which place a serious threat towards the security system of Hong Kong. Therefore, drug abuse would definitely ring lots of negative impacts towards the society. On the other hand, according to chart 4, 39 respondents think that drug abuse would lead to addiction. Drug addiction is a dependence on illegal drugs or medications. Once people had tried taking drugs, they could hardly resist the temptation of taking drugs again and again. 4Actually, drug addiction is a chronic, often relapsing brain disease that causes compulsive drug seeking and use, despite harmful 4 Understanding of drug abuse and drug addiction http://drugabuse.gov/infofacts/understand.html 12 consequences to the addicted individual and to those around him or her. Although the initial decision to take drugs is voluntary for most people, the brain changes that occur over time challenge a person’s self control and ability to resist intense impulses urging them to take drugs. Once they stop in taking drugs, the side effects of taking these drugs like irritability and disorientation would appear more frequently which would cause great pain onto the drug addicts. If teenage drug addicts become addict onto drugs, this would not just cause damage to their health. As these teenage drug addicts also has to frequently in take drugs if they addicted onto drugs. Moreover, the cost of drugs is really expansive so it will place a very heavy economic burden towards these teenage drug addicts. Also, if they are addicted into drugs, they will put their full attention onto drugs. Then they would not able to concentrate onto their studies when they addicted  onto drugs. Therefore, addiction onto drugs would badly affect the personal growth and development. Furthermore, there are 25 of respondents think that drug abuse would cause waning of memory. People would hardly remember things. They would be very forgetful. Drug addicts who suffered from this side effects caused by abusing drugs could never be recovered. It is because the reason that people become forgetful after abusing drugs is due to the damage of some tissues and cell in the brain. The drugs that in took by drug addicts would damage their brain cells or tissues which cause the loss of memory. Therefore, people could hardly remember things in this situation. This would greatly affect the daily activities of the drug addicts. They could hardly finish their work when they suffered from this side effect. If teenagers in take these drugs and develop this side effects, this would badly affect their studies. The worst case is that these teenage drug addicts could not continue with their studies. Therefore, waning of memory is a long term effects onto the drug addicts which are not able to recover forever. Thus, this would also cause serious bad effects onto their future career. Therefore, waning of memory is really a serious negative effect of drug abuse which would badly affect the personal growth and development of teenagers. 13 In addition, there is 20 respondents chose â€Å"depression† as one of the bad effects of drug abuse. Actually, certain drugs may contribute to the etiology of depressive symptoms and depressive disorders. Drug addicts would easily feel depressed after they took these drugs. Also, when the hyper feeling brought by the drugs passed, drug addicts would feel much depressed. It is because they need to be back to the reality which may have many difficulties. The drug addicts may cause depression in when they were back to the cruel reality. If teenage drug addicts frequently feel depressed, they may easily choose other ways to help them to solve this problem which is suicide. As teenagers is not mature enough in handling depression, so they would easily come up the idea of suicide in order to help them to escape from sadness. Therefore, depression would cause serious bad effects onto the personal growth and development of teenagers. 5.6 Methods of prevention of teenage drug abuse Do you know what the School-Based mandatory drug testing scheme about? 2% Yes No 98% Chart 5 14 Do you think the scheme can decrease the number of teenagers take drugs? 33% Yes No 67% Chart 6 5.6.1 Universality of the mandatory drug testing scheme According to chart 5, 98% (42/43) respondents know about the mandatory drug testing scheme. The mandatory drug testing scheme is a trial scheme organized by the government which aim at 5 enhancing the resolve of students who have not taken any drugs to continue to stay away from drugs. Also, for students abusing drugs, the scheme can trigger their motivation to seek help and provide appropriate professional support to help them kick the habit early. After introducing this scheme to public, it aroused great public concern about the privacy of students. Although all the results of the scheme would not be publican, many people still believed that this scheme would interfere the privacy of students. The variety of opinions given by different interest groups enable the scheme became a very  controversial issue in Hong Kong. Hence, more and more Hong Kong citizens would pay attention to the scheme and learn more about this mandatory drug testing scheme. Therefore, there will have such a large proportion of respondents’ show that they know about this scheme. 5 Details of Trial Scheme on School Drug Testing in Tai Po District announced http://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/200910/19/P200910190178.htm 15 5.6.2 Effectiveness of the mandatory drug testing scheme On the other hand, according to chart 6, there are about 67% (28/43) of respondents believe that this mandatory drug testing scheme can effectively decrease the number of teenage drug addicts in Hong Kong. As this scheme is mainly carried out in schools so it can successfully find out teenage drug addicts in school and provide suitable medical treatment in order to help them to stop abusing drugs. Therefore, this scheme can successfully help in decreasing the number of teenage drug addicts in Hong Kong. However, there are 33% (14/42) of respondents believe this scheme is not effective in decreasing the number of teenage drug addicts in Hong Kong. It is because this scheme is a voluntary drug testing scheme. Thus, teenage drug addicts can refuse to join this scheme so this scheme is quite difficult to find out these teenage drug addicts in school. Therefore, these respondents believe that this mandatory drug testing scheme is not effective in decreasing he number of teenage drug addicts in Hong Kong. Moreover, according to the data collected, people still carry a positive attitude towards this mandatory drug testing scheme. 5.6.3 Promotion by the government Do you know about any promotion on preventive measure of drug abuse done by the government? 16% Yes No 84% 16 Chart 7 According to chart 7, 84% (36/43) of respondents acquired some promotions on preventing drug abusing done by the government. In recent years, there are more and more surveys show that there is an increasing trend of teenage drug abuse. This arouses public attention. Therefore, the government put more efforts in promoting the preventive measures of teenage drug abuse. For example, government inserts many television commercial and different kinds of advertisement for promoting the preventive measures. Therefore, people can easily acquire these promotions on preventing drug abusing. This can help to gain public awareness onto the prevention of drug abuse which is a very effective ways in preventing teenage drug abuse. However, there are 16% (7/43) of respondents did not acquire any promotions on preventive measures of drug abuse done by the government. This shows that the promotion done by the government in preventing drug abuse is not enough. Therefore, the government has to pay more efforts in promoting the preventive measures of drug abuse so as to prevent teenagers from abusing drugs. 5.6.4 Effectiveness of some preventive measures in preventing teenage drug abuse Government do more promotion on the bad effects of drug abusing 2% 12% 21% Very Effective Effective Not Effective Poor 65% Chart 8 17 According to chart 8, there are 86% (37/43) of respondents think that government do more promotion on the bad effects of drug abuse is an effective ways in preventing teenage drug abuse. Some of the teenagers may underestimate the bad effects brought by drug abuse. If they could understand the seriousness consequences of drug abuse, this may help to prevent them from trying drugs. Therefore, it is a very effective way in preventing teenagers from abusing drugs. Parents cooperate with schools to keep an eye on the manner of teenagers 0% 14% 14% Very Effective Effective Not Effective Poor 72% Chart 9 According to chart 9, there are 86% (37/43) of respondents thinks that the most effective way in preventing teenage drug abuse is the cooperation between parents and schools to keep an eye on the manner of teenagers. As the symptoms’ caused by drug abuse are very obvious. Therefore, if parents and the schools can keep an eye on their manner, it can easily find out the teenage drug abusers. Hence, parents could try to find some treatment in order to help their children get rid of drugs. Therefore, it is also an effective way in preventing teenage drug abuse. 18 Parents communicate more with their children 0% 21% 12% Very Effective Effective Not Effective Poor 67% Chart 10 According to chart 10, there are 79 %( 34/43) of respondents thinks that more communications between parents and children is an effective way in preventing teenage drug abuse. Parents are a very influential group in the life of teenagers. Although children may sometimes show rebellion to their parents, they usually tend to listen to the advice given by their parents. Parents could find out whether their children had taken drugs through rapid communications between parents and children. It is easier for the teenage drug addicts to get rid of drugs when they receive medical treatment as early as possible. They can also stop their children from abusing drugs once they found out that they had tried drugs before. Therefore, it is also an effective way in preventing teenage drug abuse. 5.6.1 Conclusion Among 10 preventive ways given in the questionnaire, most of the respondents believe that â€Å"Parents communicate more with their children†, â€Å"Parents cooperate with schools to keep an eye on the manner of teenagers† and â€Å"Government do more promotion on the bad effects of drug abusing† are the best ways in preventing teenage drug abuse. 19 5.7 Sources of information about drugs Where is your major source of information about drugs come from? 5% 19% Promotion by the government (e.g.: advertisement, leaflets) Books Newspaper 35% 9% Talks Internet Others 23% 9% Chart 11 According to chart11, there are 35% (15/43) of respondents obtain information about drugs through internet while there are 23% (10/43) of respondents obtain information about drugs through newspaper. Also, there are 19% (8/43) of respondents obtain information about drugs through promotions by government. This shows that the Hong Kong has pay great attention onto the problem of teenage drug abuse which can provide a good environment in preventing teenage drug abuse. 5.8 Interview I had done an interview with Miss.Fung, a teenage social worker who has handled numerous of cases about teenage drug abuse. She gave a detailed distribution about the cause and bad effects of teenage drug abuse which is very similar to the data collected through questionnaire. However, she gave a great suggestion in preventing teenage drug abuse. She suggested that the government should turn the voluntary drug testing scheme into a compulsory drug testing scheme. She believed this would be a very effective way in preventing teenage drug abuse. 20 6. Conclusion From the research, we found that most of the people think that the problem of teenage drug abuse is very common in Hong Kong. Therefore, the problem of teenage drug abuse is quite serious in Hong Kong that we should pay attention on it and try to take actions to stop this problem from becoming more serious in the future. The main reasons that drive teenage abusing drugs are peer influence, seeking for excitement and escaping from sadness. Between all these reasons, peer influence is a major cause of teenage drug abuse as they do not want to refuse the requests of their friends in order to gain recognition. Therefore, we need to consider some preventive measures of teenage drug abuse that could address to this main cause. There are many bad effects that are caused by teenage drug abuse. The most common bad effects are addition, waning of memory and depression. All these bad effects would have great impact towards the teenage drug addicts which may badly affect their personal growth and development. We also found that more communications between parents and children, cooperation between parents and school in order to keep an eye on the manner of teenagers, more government promotions about the bad effects of drug abuse can help in preventing teenage drug abuse. Also, imposing a compulsory drug testing scheme in order to find out teenage drug addicts in Hong Kong is also an effective way in preventing teenage drug abuse. 21 7. Reflective After finishing the whole projects, I found that I have learned many things through doing this project. I have a more clear understanding towards teenage drug abuse in this moment. Although it is very great that I could learn so many things in this project, this project is a very difficult task for me as I need to finish it by myself. The level of difficulty is three time that of finishing a group work project. In the beginning, I chose teenage drug abuse as my enquiry theme because I think this topic is really easy. I can easily find many sources about teenage drugs abuse. Hence, I can finish my project as soon as possible. However, I am totally wrong. There are many difficulties I faced during the project. I found it difficult to identify the useful information about teenage drug abuse from a long passage of article. It took a long time to read through the sources and extract useful information from them. The techniques taught by teacher in choosing articles helped me to save up the time for reading useless articles. Besides, most of the information about teenage drug abuse is secondary source. Therefore, I have to find some primary sources so as to enable my project to be a more comprehensive project. Then, I chose to do interviews with social workers in order to obtain primary sources. This is another difficult task that I have to tackle with during the project. I found it difficult to look for social workers that are willing to do interview with me. After making several times of invitations, I successfully find a social worker to help me in doing the interview. Although I can only do the interview through phones, this interview helps me greatly in doing this project. As a whole, I think it is a very valuable experience in finishing such a big project by myself. Besides the knowledge I obtained from the project, I also learn some ways in tackling difficulties which are very important that I could never learn them through books. I believe these problem 22 tacking skills would be very useful even I am in the university. (Word Count: 4558) 23 8. Bibliography Type of materials Newspaper Books/ Articles/ Reports 2.é â€™Ã¥ °â€˜Ã¥ ¹ ´Ã¦ ¿ «Ã¨â€" ¥ Ã¥  ¯Ã¦â‚¬ ¥Ã¦â‚¬ §Ã¤ ¸ ­Ã¦ ¯â€™Ã¦ ­ » æ  ±Ã¦â€" ¹Ã¦â€" ¥Ã¥   ± 1.Dennis Erng and Advian (Author) (October 18, 2010) South China morning Post (A1) é ¦â„¢ æ ¸ ¯ Ã¥ ¤ § Ã¥ ­ ¸ æ Å½ 嘉 è ª   é† « Ã¥ ­ ¸ é™ ¢ å…’ ç « ¥ Ã¥ Å  é â€™ Ã¥ °â€˜ Ã¥ ¹ ´ ç §â€˜ Ã¥ ­ ¸ ç ³ » è‡ ¨ Ã¥ ºÅ  å‰ ¯ æ•™ 授 (auth or) (September 5,2010) 3.æ   ¡ Ã¥Å"’ é ©â€" æ ¯â€™ è ¨Ë† ç• « æ“ ¬ æ“ ´ è‡ ³ å… ¨ æ ¸ ¯ ä » » ç §â‚¬ ç ¾ ¤ ,Ã¥ ¼ µ ä ¸â‚¬ è  ¯ (author) 2010 Ã¥ ¹ ´ 9 æÅ"ˆ 30 æâ€" ¥ 星 Ã¥ ³ ¶ æâ€" ¥ Ã¥   ± 4.æâ€" °Ã¨Ë†Ë†Ã¨ ¿ ·Ã¥ ¹ »Ã¦ ¯â€™Ã¥â€œ Ã§â€ž ¡Ã§ ® ¡Ã¥Ë† ¶ æ  ±Ã¦â€" ¹Ã¦â€" ¥Ã¥   ± 5.æ ¿ «Ã¨â€" ¥Ã© â€™Ã¥ °â€˜Ã¥ ¹ ´Ã¥â€¦ «Ã¦Ë† Ã¨ ¨ËœÃ¦â€  ¶Ã¥ â€"æ   2011-01-18 星 Ã¥ ³ ¶ æâ€" ¥ Ã¥   ± 6.é â€™Ã¥ ¹ ´Ã¦ ¿ «Ã¨â€" ¥Ã¥â‚¬â€¹Ã¦ ¡Ë†Ã¦â‚¬ ¥Ã¥ ¢Å¾Ã¤ ¸â€°Ã¦Ë†  (星å ³ ¶)2010 Ã¥ ¹ ´ 12 æÅ"ˆ 26 æâ€" ¥ 星æÅ"Ÿæâ€" ¥ è ¨ËœÃ¨â‚¬â€¦Ã¯ ¼Å¡Ã¥ ¼ µÃ¤ ¸â‚¬Ã¨  ¯ Teen Drug Use Increasing in Hong Kong September 8, 2009 ç› ¸Ã© â€¡=å‚ ·Ã§â„¢â€™Ã¢â€â‚¬Ã¢â€â‚¬Ã¦Ë†â€™Ã¦ ¯â€™Ã¦ ­ ·Ã§ ¨â€¹Ã§â€Å¸Ã¥â€˜ ½Ã¦â€¢â€¦Ã¤ ºâ€¹Ã©â€ºâ€  é™ ³Ã¥Å"‹æ º ªÃ£â‚¬ Ã© º ¥Ã¥ ® ¶Ã¨ ¼ Ã§ · ¨Ã¨â€˜â€" Problems arising from drug abuse 戒æ ¯â€™Ã¥ ¦â€šÃ¤ ½â€¢Ã¤ ¸â‚¬Ã¤ ¸â€"æâ€" ·Ã¥ ° ¾ Websites: æ Å½Ã¥ ° Ã§ Å  Ã¥ ¤ ©Ã© â€œÃ¦â€º ¸Ã¦ ¨â€œÃ¥â€¡ ºÃ§â€°Ë† 星å ³ ¶Ã¦â€" ¥Ã¥   ± æŽ ¢ Ã¥ °â€ž 燈 Ã¥ °  ç µâ€ž (auth or) (October 7,2010) by Valerie Belew, eHow Contributor ICE Case Studies http://wwwl.aeric.edu/ied/ice/DIAOYU.htm Video: Cheng-China Huang (July 1997) http://programme.rthk.hk/rthk/tv/programme.php?name=tv/drugbattle2011&p=4987&m=archi ve&page=1&item=100 24 9. Appendix Questionnaire I am a F.5 student of St. Francis’ Canossian College. I am doing a survey about teenage drug abuse in Hong Kong. Please fill in the questionnaire below. The information will be used for academic purposes only. Please put a tick in the chosen boxes. 1. Age: ââ€" ¡ 12-18 ââ€" ¡ 19-22 ââ€" ¡ 23or above 2. Have you ever abuse drugs before? Yes ââ€" ¡ No 3. What is meant by drug abuse? 4. Do you think the problem of teenage drug abuse is common in Hong Kong? ââ€" ¡ Yes ââ€" ¡ No 5. What cause teenagers to take drugs? (Can choose more than one blanks) ââ€" ¡ Peer influence ââ€" ¡ Seeking for excitement ââ€" ¡ ââ€" ¡ ââ€" ¡ ââ€" ¡ Escaping from the sadness Imitating the manner of parents Underestimate the bad effects of drugs Others: (please specify) 6. Do you think drug abuse will bring any negative impacts towards the society? ââ€" ¡ Yes ââ€" ¡ No 7. Are the following the negative impacts of drug abuse? ( can choose more than one blanks) ââ€" ¡ Addiction (æˆ Ã§â„¢ ®) ââ€" ¡ Respiratory depression(Ã¥ £â€œÃ¦Å â€˜Ã¥â€˜ ¼Ã¥  ¸) ââ€" ¡ Nausea (å™ Ã¥ ¿Æ') ââ€" ¡ Loss of appetite (é £Å¸Ã¦â€¦ ¾Ã¤ ¸ Ã¦Å' ¯) ââ€" ¡ Waning of memory (è ¨ËœÃ¦â€  ¶Ã¥Å â€ºÃ¨ ¡ °Ã©â‚¬â‚¬) ââ€" ¡ Dehydration (è„ «Ã¦ ° ´) ââ€" ¡ Depression (抑é ¬ ±) 25 ââ€" ¡ Insomnia (Ã¥ ¤ ±Ã§Å"  ) ââ€" ¡ Dizziness (暈çÅ" ©) 8. Do you know what the School-Based mandatory drug testing scheme about? ââ€" ¡ Yes (please answer question 7) ââ€" ¡ No (please move on answering question 8) 9. Do you think the scheme can decrease the number of teenagers take drugs? ââ€" ¡ Yes ââ€" ¡ No 10. Do you know about any promotion on preventive measures of drug abuse done by the government? ââ€" ¡ Yes ââ€" ¡ No 11. How effective are the following methods help preventing teenage drugs abuse? Circle the number. Very Effective Parents communicate more with their children Parents learn more about the symptom of drug abusing Parents cooperate with schools to keep an eye on the manner of teenagers Government do more promotion on the bad effects of drug abusing Government proposed a mandatory drug testing scheme Government send more social workers to talk with drug abuser Government build more drug rehabilitation centers (戒æ ¯â€™Ã¤ ¸ ­Ã¥ ¿Æ') School provide sources to teachers so as to let them know more about the symptoms of drug abusing Hold more talks to educate the teenagers at school 26 Effective 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Not Effective 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Poor 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 2 1 Teacher communicate more with students 4 3 2 1 12. Where did you get the information about drugs? (Can choose more than one blanks) ââ€" ¡ Promotion by the government (e.g.: advertisement, leaflets) ââ€" ¡ Books ââ€" ¡ Newspaper ââ€" ¡ Talks ââ€" ¡ Internet ââ€" ¡ Others: (please specify) This is the end of the questionnaire. Thank you for finishing the questionnaire. Charts: 1. Age: Age 0% 7% 12 to 18 19-22 23 or above 93% A-12-18 (40) B-18-22 (3) C-23or above (0) 27 2 Have you ever abuse drugs before? Have you ever abuse drugs before? 26% Yes No 74% A- Yes (11) B. No (32) 3. What is meant by drug abuse? Definition provided by respondents Misuse of prescription or over-the-counter drugs No of respondents 3 5 10 25 A maladaptive pattern of use of a substance that is not considered dependent Intake of illegal drugs Over intake of certain drugs which lead to addiction 4. Do you think the problem of teenage drug abuse is common in Hong Kong? Do you think the problem of teenage drug abuse is common in Hong Kong? 16% Yes No 84% A-Yes (36) B-No (7) 28 4.What cause teenagers to take drugs? (Can choose more than one blanks) What cause teenagers to take drugs? (Can choose more than one blanks) 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 34 27 20 12 6 5 Peer influence Seeking for excitement Escaping from the sadness Imitating the manner of parents Underestimate the bad effects of drugs Others A- Peer influence (34) B- Seeking for excitement (27) C- Escaping from the sadness (20) D- Imitating the manner of parents (6) E- Underestimate the bad effects of drugs (12) F- Others (5) No Selection (0) Select 1 item (10) Select 3 items (15) Select 5 items (1) Select 2 items (12) Select 4 items (5) Select 6 items (0) 5. Do you think drug abuse will bring any negative impacts towards the society? Do you think drug abuse will bring any negative impacts towards the society? 0% Yes No 100% A-Yes (43) B-No (0) 29 6. Are the following the negative impacts of drug abuse? Are the following the negative impacts of drug abuse? 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 39 25 17 10 17 10 20 14 17 No Selection (0) Select 1 item (3) Select 5 items (4) Select 9 items (3) 7. Do you know what the School-Based mandatory drug testing scheme about? Select 2 items (13) Select 6 items (5) Select 3 items (6) Select 7 items (3) Select 4 items (6) Select 8 items (0) Do you know what the School-Based mandatory drug testing scheme about? 2% Yes No 98% A- Yes (please answer question 7) (42) B- No (please move on answering question 8) (1) 30 8. Do you think the scheme can decrease the number of teenagers take drugs? Do you think the scheme can decrease the number of teenagers take drugs? 33% Yes No 67% A- Yes (28) B- No (14) 9. Do you know about any promotion on preventing drug abusing done by the government? Do you know about any promotion on preventive measures of drug abuse done by the government? 16% Yes No 84% A- Yes (36) No (7) 10. How effective are the following methods help preventing teenage drugs abuse? 31 Parents communicate more with their children 0% 12% 21% Very Effective Effective Not Effective Poor 67% A-Very Effective (5) B-Effective (29) C-Not Effective (9) D-Poor (0) Parents learn more about the symptom of drug abusing 0% 9% 30% Very Effective Effective Not Effective Poor 61% A-Very Effective (4) B-Effective (26) C-Not Effective (13) D-Poor (0) 32 Parents cooperate with schools to keep an eye on the manner of teenagers 0% 14% 14% Very Effective Effective Not Effective Poor 72% A- Very Effective (6) B- Effective (31) C- Not Effective (6) D- Poor (0) Government proposed a mandatory drug testing scheme 2% 7% 28% Very Effective Effective Not Effective Poor 63% A- Very Effective (3) B- Effective (27) C- Not Effective (12) D- Poor (1) 33 Government do more promotion on the bad effects of drug abusing 2% 12% 21% Very Effective Effective Not Effective Poor 65% A- Very Effective (9) B- Effective (28) C- Not Effective (5) D- Poor (1) Government send more social workers to talk with drug abuser 5% 7% 21% Very Effective Effective Not Effective Poor 67% A- Very Effective (3) B- Effective (29) C- Not Effective (9) D- Poor (2) 34 Government build more drug rehabilitation centers (戒æ ¯â€™Ã¤ ¸ ­Ã¥ ¿Æ') 5% 23% 16% Very Effective Effective Not Effective Poor 56% A- Very Effective (7) B- Effective (24) C- Not Effective (10) D- Poor (2) School provide sources to teachers so as to let them know more about the symptoms of drug abusing 2% 5% Very Effective 30% Effective Not Effective 63% Poor A- Very Effective (2) B- Effective (27) C- Not Effective (13) D- Poor (1) 35 Hold more talks to educate the teenagers at school 2% 9% Very Effective 28% 61% Effective Not Effective Poor Very Effective A(1) B- Effective (26) C- Not Effective (12) DPoor (4) Teacher communicate more with students 0% 9% Very Effective 42% Effective Not Effective 49% Poor A-Very Effective (4) B-Effective (21) C-Not Effective (18) D-Poor (0) 11. Where did you get the information about drugs? 36 Where is your major source of information about drugs come from? 5% 19% Promotion by the government (e.g.: advertisement, leaflets) Books Newspaper 35% 9% Talks Internet Others 23% 9% Promotion by the government (e.g.: advertisement, leaflets) Books (4) Newspaper (10) Talks (4) Internet (15) Others (2) Identities of respondents Submit Time Apr-12-2011 1:33 am Apr-12-2011 01:35 am Apr-12-2011 01:49 am Apr-12-2011 03:57 am Apr-12-2011 12:40 pm Apr-12-2011 12:49 pm Apr-12-2011 04:34 pm Apr-12-2011 05:02 pm Apr-12-2011 06:37 pm Apr-12-2011 06:45 pm Apr-12-2011 07:10 pm Apr-12-2011 07:37 pm Apr-12-2011 08:11 pm 37 (8) IP Address 218.253.118.159 116.48.84.219 61.10.137.36 99.238.61.74 173.58.21.249 113.255.170.79 223.19.184.136 218.102.79.213 116.48.75.180 59.149.153.34 203.185.58.179 113.254.253.200 112.119.248.186 Host Name cm218-253-118-159.hkcable.com.hk n1164884219.netvigator.com cm61-10-137-36.hkcable.com.hk CPE002401e5519f-CM00252eac3ca8.cpe.ne t.cable.rogers.com pool-173-58-21-249.lsanca.fios.verizon.net 113.255.170.79 223.19.184.136 pcd547213.netvigator.com n1164875180.netvigator.com 059149153034.ctinets.com 203185058179.res.dyn.ctinets.com 113.254.253.200 n112119248186.netvigator.com Apr-12-2011 08:25 pm Apr-12-2011 08:44 pm Apr-12-2011 08:47 pm Apr-12-2011 09:06 pm Apr-13-2011 10:46 pm Apr-14-2011 01:38 pm Apr-14-2011 07:24 pm Apr-14-2011 07:35 pm Apr-14-2011 07:54 pm Apr-14-2011 09:57 pm Apr-16-2011 05:51 pm Apr-16-2011 08:01 pm Apr-16-2011 11:59 pm Apr-17-2011 06:00 pm Apr-18-2011 08:49 pm Apr-18-2011 09:07 pm Apr-19-2011 01:13 am Apr-19-2011 03:22 pm Apr-22-2011 09:29 pm Apr-24-2011 02:29 pm Apr-26-2011 04:50 pm Apr-27-2011 06:48 pm Apr-28-2011 12:46 pm Apr-29-2011 03:27 pm Apr-29-2011 06:40 pm Apr-29-2011 11:00 pm Apr-30-2011 12:35 am Apr-30-2011 09:03 pm Apr-30-2011 09:20 pm 1.64.165.238 183.178.233.130 218.102.78.191 183.178.233.130 219.77.191.43 210.0.215.8 219.78.208.104 119.236.24.10 61.15.71.5 119.236.6.158 113.252.34.192 182.152.192.106 61.244.123.197 58.152.150.46 219.77.185.170 218.103.150.72 112.118.163.103 61.18.212.47 203.218.91.96 218.102.80.176 203.218.217.113 1.64.55.82 112.118.142.138 58.152.235.175 112.118.161.164 183.178.233.130 203.223.234.196 116.49.135.19 116.49.87.171 1-64-165-238.static.netvigator.com 183178233130.ctinets.com pcd546191.netvigator.com 183178233130.ctinets.com n219077191043.netvigator.com 210.0.215.8 n219078208104.netvigator.com n11923624010.netvigator.com cm61-15-71-5.hkcable.com.hk n1192366158.netvigator.com 113.252.34.192 m182-152-192-106.smartone-vodafone.com 061244123197.ctinets.com n058152150046.netvigator.com n219077185170.netvigator.com n218103150072.netvigator.com n112118163103.netvigator.com cm61-18-212-47.hkcable.com.hk pcd301096.netvigator.com pcd548176.netvigator.com pcd427113.netvigator.com 1-64-55-082.static.netvigator.com n112118142138.netvigator.com n058152235175.netvigator.com n112118161164.netvigator.com 183178233130.ctinets.com 203.223.234.196 n11649135019.netvigator.com n1164987171.netvigator.com n11649154003.netvigator.com May-01-2011 06:51 pm 116.49.154.3 38 Interview transcripts Date: 10th April, 2011 Time: 5:00p.m.-5:30p.m. Mode of interview: personal interview è ¨ ªÃ¥â€¢ Ã§ ¨ ¿ I:è ¨ ªÃ¥â€¢ Ã¨â‚¬â€¦ K:é ¦ ®Ã¦ µ ·Ã¥â€¦â€™Ã§ ¤ ¾Ã¥ · ¥ I:é ¦ ®Ã¥â€¦Ë†Ã§â€Å¸, ä ½  Ã¥ ¥ ½Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ¥  Ã¥Ë†â€ Ã¦â€žÅ¸Ã¨ ¬ Ã¤ ½  Ã© ¡ËœÃ¦â€ž Ã¦Å  ½Ã§ © ºÃ¦Å½ ¥Ã¥ â€"我的è ¨ ªÃ¥â€¢ Ã£â‚¬â€š K:ä ¸ Ã§â€ ¨Ã¨ ¬ Ã¯ ¼Å'我ä º ¦Ã¥  Ã¥Ë†â€ Ã¦â€žÅ¸Ã¨ ¬ Ã¤ ½  Ã§Å¡â€žÃ©â€šâ‚¬Ã¨ «â€¹Ã£â‚¬â€š I:Ã¥ ¥ ½Ã¤ ºâ€ Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ¤ ºâ€¹Ã¤ ¸ Ã¤ ¸â€Ã¨ ¾ ­Ã¯ ¼Å'我們ç «â€¹Ã¥  ³Ã©â€"‹å §â€¹Ã©â‚¬ ²Ã¨ ¡Å'è ¨ ªÃ¥â€¢ Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ¦Ë†â€˜Ã§â€º ¸Ã¤ ¿ ¡Ã¤ ½  Ã¥ · ²Ã¦ ¸â€¦Ã¦ ¥Å¡Ã¤ »Å Ã¦â€" ¥Ã¨ ¨ ªÃ¥â€¢ Ã§Å¡â€žÃ¤ ¸ »Ã© ¡Å'æ˜ ¯Ã¦Å"‰éâ€"Å"ä ½  Ã§Å¡â€žÃ¥ °Ë†Ã¦ ¥ ­, é â€™Ã¥ °â€˜Ã¥ ¹ ´Ã¥  ¸Ã¦ ¯â€™Ã¥â€¢ Ã© ¡Å'。é ¦â€"å…ˆ, ä ½  Ã¨ ª Ã§â€š ºÃ© ¦â„¢Ã¦ ¸ ¯Ã§Å¡â€žÃ¥  ¸Ã¦ ¯â€™Ã¥â€¢ Ã© ¡Å'æ˜ ¯Ã¥  ¦Ã¥Å¡ ´Ã©â€¡ Ã¥â€˜ ¢Ã¯ ¼Å¸ K: é ¦â„¢Ã¦ ¸ ¯Ã§Å¡â€žÃ¥  ¸Ã¦ ¯â€™Ã¥â€¢ Ã© ¡Å'Ã¥  ¯Ã¨ ¬â€šÃ¥Å¡ ´Ã©â€¡ Ã¤ ºâ€ , Ã¥ ° ±Ã¦Ë†â€˜Ã¨ ª Ã¨ ­ËœÃ§Å¡â€ žÃ¥  ¸Ã¦ ¯â€™Ã© â€™Ã¥ ¹ ´Ã¥ · ²Ã© Å½Ã§â„¢ ¾Ã¤ ºâ€ , æ› ´Ã¤ ¸ Ã¨ ¦ Ã¨ «â€"å… ¶Ã¤ »â€"ç ¤ ¾Ã¥ · ¥Ã¦â€°â‚¬Ã¨ ª Ã¨ ­ËœÃ§Å¡â€ž ä ºâ€ Ã£â‚¬â€š I:這ä ¹Å¸Ã§ ®â€"é  â€"åš ´Ã©â€¡ Ã§Å¡â€žÃ¤ ºâ€ Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ©â€š £Ã¤ ½  Ã¨ ª Ã§â€š ºÃ¥ °Å½Ã¨â€¡ ´Ã© â€™Ã¥ °â€˜Ã¥ ¹ ´Ã¥  ¸Ã¦ ¯â€™Ã§Å¡â€žÃ¥Å½Å¸Ã¥â€º  Ã¦Ëœ ¯Ã¤ »â‚¬Ã© º ¼? 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